Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Essay Example

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Essay Example Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Paper Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Paper TWO major political parties formed the Federalists and the Republicans. These two parties were always at great competition with each Other to gain public popularity. At the same time tension started between the United States and France and an undeclared war was ensuing with France. These were the two causes that led to the administration of John Adams passing out the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1978. There were four acts in total, the first three were regarding the rights of immigrant. The Sedition Act however, was perhaps the most controversial. It was deemed unconstitutional because it violated the right of speech and allowed the prosecution of anyone who voiced or printed heir opinions if it went against the government or the president of the united States. In response to the Sedition Act Thomas Jefferson dratted the Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 and James Madison drafted the Virginia Resolutions of 1798 with the help of Thomas Jefferson. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. They declared the Sedition Act to be in violation of the First and Tenth Amendments. These resolutions stated that the states had the right to deem any lava passed by congress unconstitutional if it violated the Bill of Rights. They argued that the Constitution was an agreement between the states so the government had no right to exercise powers not delegated to it and if they did then the states had the right to void them. In other words, the states could decide when Congress was passing unconstitutional laws. The Kentucky Resolution declared in part, The several States Who formed that instrument [the Constitution], being sovereign and independent, have the unquestionable right to judge of its infraction; and that a nullification, by those States, Of all unauthorized acts.. is the rightful remedy. (Bill of rights, 2010). The Virginia Resolution, authored by Madison, said that by enacting the Alien and Sedition Acts, Congress was exercising a power not delegated by the Constitution, but on the contrary, expressly and positively forbidden by one of the amendments thereto; a power, which more than any other, ought to produce universal alarm, because it is leveled against that right of freely examining public characters and measures, and of free communication among the people thereon, which has ever been justly deemed, the only effectual guardian of every other right. (Bill of rights, 2010). The Kentucky Resolutions wanted to nullify any unconstitutional federal laws whereas the Virginia Resolution wanted the opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts. In conclusion, the Sedition Act of 1798 is what led to Jefferson and Madison Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. These were submitted to all the states but were only adopted in Kentucky and Virginia. Although the resolutions produced no significant result from other states it did have an impact on the future of America, they were the first statements of the states rights theory of government..

Zero Plural Definition and Examples in English Grammar

Zero Plural Definition and Examples in English Grammar In grammar, the zero plural is a  plural form of a count noun that is identical to the singular form. Also called zero [or null] morpheme. In English,  zero plural marking refers to the absence of the plural markers -s and -es. Several animal names (sheep, deer, cod) and certain nationalities (Japanese, Sioux, Taiwanese) take the zero plural in English. Examples and Observations Here are some examples from famous works: This week the debate is on an idea to let everyone fish a few cod just for food. (Mark Kurlansky, Cod: A Biography Of The Fish That Changed The World. Walker Publishing, 1997)We herd sheep, we drive cattle, we lead people. Lead me, follow me, or get out of my way. -General George S. PattonIn English, plurals of nouns are normally indicated by the ending –s or –es, or in a few cases by –en, as in children and oxen. Some vernacular varieties of English do not use plural endings in measurement phrases such as three mile and ten pound. This zero plural has a long history and was not formerly as socially stigmatized as it is today... In adjectival constructions even Standard English has no –s plural: a five-pound box of candy is acceptable, whereas a five-pounds box is not. These adjective phrases derive from an –a suffix in Old English that marked plural adjectives. This ending has long since fallen away, leaving behind the unmarked root forms. The abse nce of –s in the plural form of animal names (hunting for bear, a herd of buffalo) probably arose by analogy with animals like deer and sheep whose plurals have been unmarked since the earliest beginnings of the English language. (plural, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 2000 Im horrified of lobsters. And shrimp and lobsters are the cockroaches of the ocean. -Brooke BurkeBluefin tuna contain higher levels of mercury than other species of tuna because they live longer and, like humans, accumulate more mercury in their body tissues. (The New York Times, January 24, 2008) Zero Plurals With Numerals, Quantifiers, and Nouns of Measure [Zero plurals] include the names of some animals, particularly cod, deer, sheep; nouns denoting quantity when they are premodified by a numeral or other quantifier and particularly when they are attached to a noun head: two hundred (people), three dozen (plants), several thousand (dollars). The measure nouns foot (length unit), pound (unit of weight or of British currency), and stone (British weight unit) optionally take zero plurals: six foot two, twenty pound, fifteen stone. (Sidney Greenbaum, Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1996)His hat, I reckon, weighed ten poundTo say the least, and Ill say, shore,His overcoat weighed fifty more. (James Whitcomb Riley, Squire Hawkinss Story)I have known when he would have walked ten mile afoot to see a good armour. (Much Ado About Nothing, Act Two, scene 3 )The foggers and cooling fans were going full blast in Jims twin five-hundred-foot-long chicken houses. (Baxter Black, Chicken House Attack. Horseshoes, Cowsocks Duckfeet. C rown Publishers, 2002)